Electron microscopic investigation of propolis-treated B. cereus revealed substantial structural damage at the cellular level and irreversible cell membrane rupture at a number of locations with the apparent leakage of intracellular Nutlin-3 clinical trial contents. The antimicrobial

effect of propolis in this study suggests potential use of propolis in foods.”
“High-yield production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by Ralstonia eutropha KCTC 2662 was investigated using soybean oil and g-butyrolactone as carbon sources. In flask culture, it was shown that R. eutropha KCTC 2662 accumulated PHAs during the growth phase. The optimum carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) giving the highest cell and PHA yield was 20 g-soybean oil/g-(NH(4))(2)SO(4). The 4-hydroxybutyrate (4HB) fraction

in the copolymer was not strongly affected by the C/N ratio. In a 2.5-L fermentor, a homopolymer of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] check details was produced from soybean oil as the sole carbon source by batch and fed-batch cultures of R. eutropha with dry cell weights of 15-32 g/L, PHA contents of 78-83 wt% and yields of 0.80-0.82 g-PHA/g-soybean oil used. By co-feeding soybean oil and gamma-butyrolactone as carbon sources, a copolymer of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-4HB)] could be produced with dry cell weights of 10-21 g/L, yields of 0.45-0.56 g-PHA/g-soybean oil used (0.39-0.50 g-PHA/g-carbon sources used) and 4HB fractions of 6-10 mol%. Higher supplementation of gamma-butyrolactone increased the 4HB fraction in the copolymer, but decreased cell and PHA yield.”
“Of six alkalitolerant, extracellular protease producing bacterial

strains isolated, DP2 displayed maximum activity. This organism was designated as Streptomyces sp. DP2 and identified as Streptomyces ambofaciens. Maximum protease yield was observed after 48 hours of submerged fermentation using various carbon and nitrogen sources. Fructose was found to be the best substrate for protease production, followed by maltose, lactose and wheat bran. Mustard cake is reported for the first time as the most ideal nitrogen source although soybean meal also gave comparable yield. The protease produced by Streptomyces sp. DP2 exhibited extensive activity over a broad pH range (4-12) with maximum activity at https://www.selleck.cn/products/crt0066101.html pH 8, and was active over a broad range of elevated temperatures (50-100 degrees C), and possessed thermostability at 60-90 degrees C for up to 1 hour. Enzyme activity was reduced by EDTA (25%), SDS (16%), and PMSF (6%). This novel alkaline protease has both alkali-and thermostability that may have industrial significance.”
“To produce cellulolytic enzyme efficiently, Penicillium decumbens strain L-06 was used to prepare mutants with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and UV-irradiation. A mutant strain ML-017 is shown to have a higher cellulase activity than others.