Internal reliability was found above 0.7 for

6 of the clusters. Concurrent validity was found highly significant for the clusters of conduct and attention and activity. Discriminant validity of these clusters was found acceptable for the attention and learning disability groups. The clusters of conduct, attention and activity, and distress and disruption were found to significantly correlate with the Conners’ teacher scale. The ANSER-PQ may be employed for the assessment of children with attention or learning disabilities.”
“New daily persistent headache (NDPH) is a form of chronic daily headache (CDH) that may have features of both migraine and tension-type headache. In contrast BEZ235 with other types of CDH, NDPH is Selleckchem LY2835219 characterized by patients recalling the specific date their unremitting daily headache began. In comparison, chronic tension-type headache and chronic migraine are preceded by a gradually increasing frequency of headache. After several months, all three of these CDH forms

often have a similar phenotype, making early history a key to diagnosing NDPH. Evaluations to exclude secondary causes are necessary but usually negative. NDPH is difficult to treat and requires a multimodal approach. Questions regarding NDPH remain unanswered. Additional prospective studies are necessary to further understand, characterize, diagnose, and treat NDPH.”
“Introduction: The current management of locally advanced rectal cancer involves total mesorectal excision, which may be preceded selleck by neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Individual patient response to CRT is variable and reproducible biomarkers of response are needed. The role of the V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) in rectal cancer remains equivocal. The aim of the current study was to systematically appraise the effect of KRAS mutation on outcomes following CRT for rectal cancer.

Methods: A comprehensive search for published studies examining the effect of KRAS mutation on outcome after neo-adjuvant CRT in rectal cancer was performed. Each

study was reviewed and data extracted. Random-effects methods were used to combine data.

Results: Data was retrieved from 8 series describing 696 patients. Neo-adjuvant treatment regimens varied in usage of chemotherapeutic agents and interval to surgery. KRAS mutation was present in an average of 33.2 +/- 11.8% of patients with rectal cancer. KRAS mutation was not associated with decreased rates of pathological complete response (odds ratio (OR): 0.778, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.424-1.428, P = 0.418), tumor down-staging (OR: 0.846, 95% CI: 0.331-2.162, P = 0.728) or an increase in cancer related mortality (OR: 1.239, 95% CI: 0.607-2.531, P = 0.555).

Conclusions: Based on these data, the presence of KRAS mutation does not affect tumor down-staging or cancer specific survival following neo-adjuvant CRT and surgery for rectal cancer. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.