Using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire, data was collected. To evaluate the severity of dry eye, the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaires and Tear Film Breakup Time measurements were employed. For the assessment of rheumatoid arthritis severity, the Disease Activity Score-28, incorporating erythrocyte sedimentation rate, was employed. A thorough examination of the connection existing between the two factors was conducted. Employing SPSS 22, the data underwent analysis.
The 61 patients encompassed 52 females, which amounts to 852 percent, and 9 males, equating to 148 percent. The mean age of the population was 417128 years. This included 4 (66%) individuals younger than 20 years, 26 (426%) aged between 21 and 40 years, 28 (459%) aged between 41 and 60 years, and 3 (49%) older than 60 years. In addition, a notable 46 (754%) participants exhibited sero-positive rheumatoid arthritis; 25 (41%) experienced high severity; 30 (492%) exhibited severe Occular Surface Density Index scores; and a group of 36 (59%) experienced decreased Tear Film Breakup Time. A logistic regression study showed a 545-fold elevated risk of severe disease among participants whose Occular Surface Density Index score surpassed 33 (p=0.0003). For patients presenting with a positive Tear Film Breakup Time, a 625% higher likelihood of elevated disease activity scores was observed (p=0.001).
Rheumatoid arthritis disease activity scores correlated strongly with ocular dryness, a high Ocular Surface Disease Index, and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rates.
Significant correlations were identified between rheumatoid arthritis disease activity scores, indicators of dry eyes (high Ocular Surface Disease Index scores), and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates.

A karyotyping study was designed to determine the relative frequency of Down syndrome subtypes, complemented by a study focusing on the prevalence of congenital cardiac defects among the same patients.
At the Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, a cross-sectional study on Down Syndrome patients under 15 years old was conducted from June 2016 to June 2017. The patients underwent karyotypic analysis to determine the syndrome subtype, followed by echocardiography on each case to evaluate the presence of congenital cardiac anomalies. Polymer bioregeneration The two findings subsequently facilitated the establishment of a connection between congenital cardiac defects and the subtypes. The data underwent collection, entry, and analysis by the application of SPSS version 200.
In the 160 cases, the most frequent finding was trisomy 21, observed in 154 (96.25%) instances; translocation was identified in 5 (3.125%) instances, and mosaicism in a single case (0.625%). A substantial 63 (394%) children experienced the presence of cardiac defects. In this patient series, the most prevalent congenital heart defect was patent ductus arteriosus, affecting 25 (397%) patients. Ventricular septal defects were the second most common, affecting 24 (381%) patients. Atrial septal defects were seen in 16 (254%) patients, while complete atrioventricular septal defects were found in 8 (127%) cases. Tetralogy of Fallot was observed in 3 (48%) patients. Finally, 6 (95%) children had other cardiac malformations. Double defects, most frequently atrial septal defects (56.2%), were most commonly found alongside patent ductus arteriosus in Down syndrome cases presenting with congenital cardiac abnormalities.
Trisomy 21's most common cardiac defect was patent ductus arteriosus, presenting before ventricular septal defects in cases with isolated abnormalities; combined abnormalities, however, displayed atrial septal defects and patent ductus arteriosus as the leading cardiac issues.
In individuals with Trisomy 21, the most common cardiac anomaly is patent ductus arteriosus. In cases of isolated defects, ventricular septal defects are a common finding. However, in those with mixed defects, the prominence of atrial septal defects and patent ductus arteriosus becomes significant.

To delve into the views of academics regarding the definition of Health Professions Education as a discipline, its fate, and its ongoing sustainability as a professional practice.
Following ethical review board approval from Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, a qualitative, exploratory study was carried out from February to July 2021, encompassing full-time and part-time health professions educators of both genders teaching in diverse institutions located in seven Pakistani cities: Taxila, Kamrah, Rawalpindi, Peshawar, Lahore, Multan, and Karachi. Online semi-structured interviews, conducted one-on-one, were employed as a method for data collection, informed by Professional Identity theory. Thematic analysis was performed on the verbatim transcribed and coded interviews.
Seven of the 14 participants (50%) had training and qualifications in areas beyond health professions education, in contrast to 7 other participants (50%) whose expertise exclusively involved health professions education. In the study group, Rawalpindi accounted for 5 subjects, comprising 35% of the sample; 3 (21%) were assigned to various locations, including Peshawar; Taxila provided 2 participants (14%); and Lahore, Karachi, Kamrah, and Multan each contributed a single subject (75% each). Data accumulation resulted in 31 codes, grouped into 3 major themes, each containing 15 sub-themes. Key discussion points centered on the identification of health professions education as a specialized academic pursuit, its future direction, and its prospects for sustained viability.
Health professions education has become an established discipline in Pakistan, with self-sufficient and fully operational departments throughout its medical and dental colleges.
Health professions education has achieved recognized disciplinary status in Pakistan, as evidenced by the existence of independent and fully functioning departments in medical and dental colleges throughout the country.

To gauge the comfort level, comprehension, power, and assurance of critical care staff in the paediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in connection to safety huddle implementation.
The study, a descriptive cross-sectional analysis, encompassed physicians, nurses, and paramedics involved in the safety huddle at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from September 2020 to February 2021. Using open-ended questions rated on a Likert scale, staff perspectives on this activity were examined. Data analysis procedures were implemented with STATA 15.
Of the 50 participants, a female representation of 27 (54%) was noted, and 23 (46%) were male. Of the total subjects, 26, representing 52%, were aged between 20 and 30, whereas 24 subjects, or 48%, were aged 31 to 50. The implementation of safety huddles within the unit was seen as routine by 37 (74%) of the total subjects, who strongly agreed; 42 (84%) felt comfortable expressing their concerns; and 37 (74%) felt the huddles were valuable. The huddle's influence on empowerment was evident in 42 (84%) of the survey respondents. Furthermore, a substantial portion of 45 participants (90%) emphatically stated that the daily huddle contributed to a clearer definition of their tasks. Forty-one participants, accounting for 82% of the total, indicated that safety risk assessment and modification occurred within routine huddles.
Safety huddles, instrumental in building a secure environment for patient safety, proved particularly effective in the paediatric intensive care unit, enabling all team members to speak freely.
A safe environment in a pediatric intensive care unit, fostered by safety huddles, empowers team members to openly discuss patient safety.

To ascertain the correlation between muscle length and strength, balance, and functional performance in children with diplegic spastic cerebral palsy, this study was designed.
A cross-sectional study of children aged 4 to 12 years with diplegic spastic cerebral palsy was performed at the Physical Therapy Department of Chal Foundation and Fatima Physiotherapy Centre in Swabi, Pakistan, between February and July of 2021. Evaluation of back and lower limb muscular strength was performed by means of manual muscle testing. Muscle length in the lower extremities, indicative of potential tightness, was measured with a goniometer. Balance and gross motor function were evaluated using the Paediatric Balance Scale and the Gross Motor Function Measure-88, respectively. SPSS 23 was instrumental in the analysis process for the data.
Within the 83-subject sample, 47 subjects (56.6%) identified as male, and 36 subjects (43.4%) identified as female. Averaging across the group, the age was 731202 years, the weight 1971545 kg, the height 105514 cm, and the BMI 1732164 kg/m2. The strength of all lower limb muscles was positively and significantly correlated with both balance (p<0.001) and functional performance (p<0.001). learn more A significant and negative correlation was observed between muscle tightness and balance, specifically for all lower limb muscles (p < 0.0005). electronic media use A demonstrably negative correlation (p<0.0005) existed between the functional status and the degree of tightness in each of the lower limb muscles.
Children with diplegic spastic cerebral palsy experienced enhanced functional status and balance, which correlated with appropriate lower limb muscle strength and flexibility.
Lower limb muscle strength and flexibility in children with diplegic spastic cerebral palsy contributed to enhanced functional status and improved balance.

A study design to analyze the distribution of Helicobacter pylori genotype variations, focusing on oipA, babA2, and babB, in individuals with gastrointestinal diseases.
The retrospective study, undertaken at Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, in Harbin, China, involved data from patients who underwent gastroscopy procedures, spanning from February 2017 to May 2020 and encompassing patients of either gender, between 20 and 80 years of age. A polymerase chain reaction-based instrument was employed to amplify the oipA, babA2, and babB genes, and their distribution across gender, age, and pathological categories was subsequently assessed.