Band sizes of DNA ranged between 220–3054 base pairs (bp). There were bands that were more densely stained than others, but all bands were treated identically. Four outgroup strains that were in the same family as H. parasuis but selleck screening library from different genera were included in the analysis. Fingerprints of DNA were unique for each outgroup isolate and different from

the fingerprint of H. parasuis for each primer (Figure 2A). Figure 1 RAPD analysis of H. parasuis strains using primer 2 (panel A), primer 7 (panel B), and primer 12 (panel C). Reference strains A-O are described in Table 1. Reference strains were obtained AMN-107 solubility dmso between 1978 and 1990. Field strains 1–31 are described in Table 2. Field strains 1–24, 25–29, 30–31 were obtained in 2004, 1999, and 1984, respectively. Each lane was loaded with 10 μl of PCR amplification product containing approximately 30 ng of DNA. A DNA control (no cells) was included in lanes marked “No”. The Standard (Std) was a 1 kb DNA ladder. Table 1

Description of H. parasuis reference strains a # Serovar Strain Country Isolation Site Diagnosis Virulenceb A 1 No. 4 Japan Nose Healthy H B 2 SW140 Japan Nose Healthy L+ C 3 SW114 Japan Nose Healthy A D 4 SW124 Japan Nose Healthy L+ E 5 Nagasaki Japan Meninges Meningitis, H           septicemia   F 6 131 Switzerland Nose Healthy A G 7 Decitabine mw 174 Switzerland Nose Healthy A H 8 C5 Sweden

Unknown Unknown L- I 9 D74 this website Sweden Unknown Unknown A J 10 H367c Germany Unknown Unknown H K 11 H465 Germany Trachea Pneumonia A L 12 H425 Germany Lung Polyserositis H M 13 84-17975 United States Lung Unknown H N 14 84-22113 United States Joint Septicemia H O 15 84-15995 United States Lung Pneumonia L+ aoriginally published by Kielstein and Rapp-Gabrielson (1992) and adapted by Zehr and Tabatabai (2011). bH, Highly virulent, death of pig within 96 h post-inoculation; L+, Polyserositis and arthritis at necropsy; L-, Mild clinical symptoms; A, Avirulent, no clinical symptoms at necropsy as described by Kielstein and Rapp-Gabrielson (1992). cH367 (serovar 10) is a field strain with the same characteristics as the original H555. Reference strain H555 was lost during culture passage prior to our acquisition of the reference strains above. Table 2 Description of H. parasuis field isolates a # Serovar Strain U.S.