html). CHIS estimates take into account the complex sampling design by employing the Taylor series linearization method for SE calculation (CHIS, 2002). When standard weights are applied, CHIS data give a detailed picture of the health and health care needs of California’s large and diverse population of except over 26 million adult residents. CHIS data indicate that 51% of the state population of adults is female. Fourteen percent are 18�C24 years of age, 28% are 25�C39, 44% are 40�C64, 10% are 65�C79, and 4% are 80 years of age and older. Considering just the three racial/ethnic groups of interest, Latinos comprise about 37%, non-Latino Whites comprise 56%, and Blacks comprise about 7%. The CHIS does not measure general tobacco use; therefore, two smoking variables from CHIS were used to compare with ED patient��s lifetime and daily tobacco use prevalence.

Positive responses to the item ��Altogether, have you smoked at least 100 or more cigarettes in your entire lifetime?�� were used as a lifetime tobacco use measure. Those answering every day to the item, ��Do you smoke cigarettes every day, some days, or not at all?�� were identified as daily smokers. Standard CHIS weights were applied to produce statewide population estimates. Analyses All analyses were conducted with SPSS version 19. Chi-square analyses were used to compare crude tobacco use prevalence estimates for all Non-Latino White, Latino, and Black ED patients. If significant, pairwise comparisons were conducted to assess which race/ethnic pairs differed from one another.

Similarly, chi-square analysis was used to compare tobacco users in the three ethnoracial groups on intermittent use and four individual ASSIST items assessing problems related to use. A one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc analyses were performed to assess race/ethnic mean differences in tobacco severity scores. Logistic regression models were used to test dichotomous tobacco use outcomes by race/ethnicity, adjusted for gender and age. Similarly, dummy-coded multiple linear regression assessed racial/ethnic differences on tobacco use severity scores adjusted for gender and age. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) from the logistic regression models and betas from the linear regression model provided effect sizes. Two tobacco measures, ED patient lifetime and daily prevalence rates, were compared with those of California statewide estimates.

Prevalence by racial group for California adults obtained from the CHIS data (using appropriate methods Dacomitinib to account for survey design) are compared graphically with the prevalence for the ED sample. Results ED Patient Characteristics A total of 52,952 patients identifying themselves as one of the three ethnoracial groups of interest were screened during the course of the study (individuals from other racial/ethnic groups were screened, but their numbers were considered too low to provide stable estimates).