Interestingly, most of the bacteria were seen attached to the blastospores (figure 2E and 2H). Bacterial density varied in the presence of different Candida species at different time intervals. In general, P. aeruginosa distribution was scanty and nondescript in the dual species environment (Figure 2B, E and 2H). Quantitatively, smaller numbers of clumped C. albicans, together with some degrading blastospores, were observed with P. aeruginosa at the end of the adhesion phase, and the latter was also lesser in number check details compared to the monospecies variant (Figure 2A, B and 2C). A thin, scant biofilm, formed by a lesser numbers of morphologically altered C. glabrata was noted after initial colonization

(Figure 2C, D and 2E). Furthermore, a few, morphologically altered blastospores of C. tropicalis were visible in mature dual species biofilm with P. aeruginosa at 48 h. In contrast, P. aeruginosa demonstrated thicker biofilms in the presence of C. tropicalis, compared to its mature monospecies variant (Figure 2G, H and 2I). Discussion Candida and P. aeruginosa are major pathogens

of device-associated nosocomial infections for virtually all types of indwelling devices [24]. It has also been stated that, the coexistence of Pseudomonas spp. and C. albicans in elderly is a potential indicator of high risk for pneumonia [25]. Recent experimental studies have identified similarities in environmental factors such as its physical buy GS-1101 and chemical nature where P. aeruginosa and C. albicans coexist [26]. As a result, these two microorganisms have become obvious candidates and models for the study of biofilm infections in order to develop potential methods for the control of

device-associated nosocomial infections[24]. The principle aim of this study was to NSC 683864 order evaluate the qualitative and quantitative effects of P. aeruginosa on various stages of in-vitro biofilm formation of six different Candida species. Our results indicate that both Candida and P. aeruginosa mutually inhibit biofilm development to varying Levetiracetam degrees at different stages of biofilm formation. However, the most important conclusion of our study is the ability of P. aeruginosa to almost totally inhibit C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis in 48 h biofilms. Using a CFU assay, we report here for the first time, the quantitative effect of P. aeruginosa on biofilm formation of six different Candida species in a time dependant manner. Our results indicate that P. aeruginosa had significant inhibitory effects on several Candida spp. such as, C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis. In contrast, El-Azizi [27] found that Pseudomonas had no significant effect on C. albicans adhesion and biofilm growth, regardless of adding preformed Pseudomonas biofilms to C. albicans or vice versa.