Kesli et al. compared histology and rapid urease test to monoclonal SAT enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), Premier Platinum HpSA Plus EIA (Meridian Diagnostics Inc, Cincinatti, OH, USA) and H. pylori C646 Antigen test (Dia.Pro Diagnostic Bioprobes Sri, Milano, Italy) and one immunochromatographic assay (Vegal Farmaceutica, Madrid, Spain) for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection in 168 Turkish adults with dyspepsia before eradication therapy. All had a similar specificity of about 92%, but the Premier Platinum EIA had

the highest sensitivity at 90% (Table 1) [41]. Falaknazi et al.[42] determined the value of the HpSA polyclonal Premier Platinum EIA in Iranian patients with chronic renal failure undergoing renal dialysis pre-and post-H. pylori eradication treatment. The pre-eradication sensitivity (87%) was lower, and specificity (94%) was higher than in a previous comparative study [43]. In this small series, two of the seven remaining positive by UBT post-treatment gave a false-negative HpSA [42].

Several groups have evaluated the different Venetoclax diagnostic tests in their local populations. Zalabska in a series of 300 Czech patients, and Kalem et al. in a Turkish series of 103, found that the Meridian HpSA EIA (Meridian Diagnostics) detected more positive H. pylori patients than other invasive biopsy-based tests including culture, a rapid urease test, and histology [44,45]. In a small series of 59 Japanese patients postdistal gastrectomy, Yan et al.[46] found the Premier Platinum HpSA test (Meridian Diagnostics) to be more accurate than the UBT with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 90.5%. They suggested that the 59.1% specificity obtained

with the UBT in this setting may well be due to the altered intragastric environment. Kalach et al. evaluated the rapid in-office monoclonal enzyme immunoassay stool antigen test (Rapid HpStAR; Oxoid Ltd.) in 108 children (16 H. pylori positive). The Exoribonuclease overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were higher than in previous studies reported in the review published last year [47] 87.5%, 97.8%, 87.5%, and 97.8%, respectively, with an accuracy of 96.2%. Prell et al.[48] also evaluated this Rapid Hp STAR test (Oxoid Ltd.) using culture plus histology and RUT as the gold standard. They found a higher sensitivity but lower specificity in this larger series (Table 1). Raguza et al.[49] found that the Amplified IDEIA™ Hp STAR (Dako Cytomation Ltd, Hamburg, Germany) had 100% sensitivity but a lower specificity of 76.2% using the manufacturer’s cut-off; therefore, they suggested increasing the cut-off to 0.400 after re-analysis using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, leading to a specificity of 97.7% in this large series.