NeuroReport 20:1093-1097 (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer BIIB057 mw Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.”
“Neuroinflammation

is a prominent feature of many neurodegenerative diseases, however, little is known about neuroinflammation in Huntington’s disease. We used quantitative real time-PCR to compare the expression level of neuroinflammation-associated mediators in the striatum, cortex, and cerebellum from post-mortem Huntington’s disease patient samples with controls. We found increased expression of several key inflammatory mediators, including CCL2 and IL-10, specifically in the striatum of Huntington’s disease patients, the main area affected by this pathology. Remarkably, we also found upregulation of IL-6, IL-8, and MMP9, in the cortex and notably the cerebellum, a brain area commonly thought to be spared by Huntington’s disease. Our data suggest

that neuroinflammation is a prominent feature associated with Huntington’s disease and may constitute a novel target for therapeutic intervention. NeuroReport 20:1098-1103(C) ATR inhibitor 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.”
“Event-related brain potentials were examined in 6 to 8-year-old children with primary language disorder before and after a 5-week narrative-based language intervention. Participants listened to sentences ending with semantically congruous or incongruous words. By comparison with typical controls, the children with primary language disorder exhibited no pretreatment differences in their N400 responses to congruous and incongruous sentence-final words. Vildagliptin After intervention, the typical incongruous-congruous difference was observable owing to a dramatic reduction in the amplitude of the N400 response to congruous

words. These characteristic changes in brain responses may reflect a positive effect of the language intervention on the lexical-semantic processing skills in children with language impairment. NeuroReport 20:1104-1108 (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.”
“For cell-based therapy, it is necessary to obtain sufficient cell quantities for cell transplantation to the diseased or injured site. However, a given tissue has only a limited number of stem cells, making it necessary to expand stem cell source through long-term culture. In this study, we evaluated whether our recently described skeletal muscle-derived neural precursor (SMNP) cells can be cultured long-term without alteration of their neural precursor characteristics. Our results showed that SMNP cells can be cultured over approximately 16 months, but their growth rate and neurogenic potential gradually decrease in a culture time-dependent manner. Importantly, approximately 120-day cultured SMNP cells retain their self-renewal ability, neural precursor characteristics, and high neurogenic potential.