Our results indicate that BM-IIB23 kDa enzyme from GSK-3 inhibitor B. moojeni is an αβ-fibrinogenase, and BM-IIB34 kDa is an α-fibrinogenase.

We present here, a protocol to obtain milligram quantities of highly pure serine proteinases suitable for structural and other biophysical and biochemical studies. The crystal structure of Jararacussuin-I, a thrombin like enzyme from Bothrops jararacussu, has been reported and it has been proposed that the amino acid substitutions in the loops surrounding the active site make this protein highly negatively charged, a feature that may be relevant for its macromolecular selectivity ( Ullah et al., 2013). The crystal structures of these enzymes from B. alternatus and B. moojeni

venoms which we are currently pursuing may provide important insights into the structures, functions and specificities of SVSPs. This research was supported by the grants from FAPESP, CNPq, CAPES and TWAS. Anwar Ullah is the recipt of a FAPESP Pos-doc fellowship. “
“Biological membranes are thin BEZ235 structures that are basically composed of lipids and proteins and are essential to the functions of cells. From studies in the literature, it is known that beyond simply enclosing and defining

the boundary of cells, as in the case of the plasma membrane, or maintaining differences between the cytosol and within organelles, biological membranes are also involved in a number of other functions. These functions include acting as a barrier to polar molecules, providing sites for the attachment Farnesyltransferase of distinct proteins, containing transmembrane proteins that are responsible for the transport of ions and other water-soluble molecules inside/outside of cells, presenting sites for receptors for extracellular/intracellular signals and binding enzymes involved in cell communication, metabolism or the transduction of signals. Additionally, constituents of biological membranes act as substrates that are subjected to biochemical modifications that are important for cell survival or death (Mukherjee and Maxfield, 2004; van Meer, 2005; Engelman, 2005; Alberts et al., 2008; Lodish et al., 2012). An exciting biological function of membranes is the participation of phospholipids in cell signaling, such as through the phosphorylation of inositol phospholipids in the cytosolic monolayer in plasma membranes, which plays a role in intracellular signaling by activating the recruitment of cytosolic proteins.