Stem/progenitor cells have been proposed as a potential source of new retina-specific cells to replace those lost due to retina injury Evidence to date suggests that continued development of stem cell therapies may ultimately lead to viable treatment options for retina injury. A wide range of stem/progenitor cells from various Sources is currently being investigated DNA Damage inhibitor for the treatment of retinal injury. This article reviews the recent achievements about stem/progenitor cell source for

retinal repair (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society All rights reserved.”
“A previously developed kinetic metabolic model for plant metabolism was used in a context of identification and control of intracellular phosphate

(Pi) dynamics. Experimental data from batch flask cultures of Eschscholtiza Z-IETD-FMK purchase californica cells was used to calibrate the model parameters for the slow dynamics (growth, nutrition, anabolic pathways, etc.). Perturbation experiments were performed using a perfusion small-scale bioreactor monitored by in vivo (31)P NMR. Parameter identification for Pi metabolism was done by measuring the cells dynamic response to different inputs for extracellular Pi (two pulse-response experiments and a step-response experiment). The calibrated model can describe Pi translocation between the cellular pools (vacuole and cytoplasm). The effect of intracellular Pi management on ATP/ADP and phosphomonoesters concentrations is also described by the model. The calibrated model is then used to develop a control strategy on PRN1371 the cytoplasmic Pi pool. From the identification of the systems dynamics, a proportional-integral

controller was designed and tuned. The closed-loop control was implemented in the small-scale NMR bioreactor and experimental results were in accordance with model predictions. Thus, the calibrated model is able to predict cellular behaviour for phosphate metabolism and it was demonstrated that it is possible to control the intracellular level of cytoplasmic Pi in plant cells. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“To investigate interference of delta-opioid receptor with the Na+,K+-ATPase in a simple model system, we used the Xenopus oocytes as an expression system. Our results indicate that expression of the delta-opioid receptor (DOR) results in reduction of endogenous sodium-pump activity. Stimulation of DOR by the DOR agonist [(D)-Pen(2,5)]-enkephalin (DPDPE) had no pronounced additional effect on pump activity. Qualitatively similar results were obtained in experiments with a variety of co-expressed exogenous sodium Pumps. We suggest that reduced pump activity with DOR expression is brought about by an interaction of the pump with DOR.