The structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was primarily based on HRESIMS, IR and 1-D- and 2-D-NMR analyses.”
“Hydrogenation of multicrystalline silicon for solar cell applications is considered to be an CAL101 effective method of increasing the lifetime by passivating defects and impurities. Hydrogen plasma treated as-cut and chemically etched multicrystalline silicon samples have been studied by electron microscopy in order to investigate hydrogen defect formation at extended bulk defects. In chemically

etched samples, the texture of the surface after hydrogen plasma treatment differs between different grains depending on grain orientation. In as-cut samples, hydrogen induced defects are formed on sawing defects that extend up to similar to 5 mu m below the Si surface. Intragranular defects are also observed in the similar to 1 mu m subsurface region. The density of defects is higher in as-cut samples than in chemically etched samples and the size of the defects increases with depth. Hydrogen induced structural defects on

bulk dislocations and on dislocations in twin grain boundaries and stacking faults are found several microns below the sample surface. It is concluded that (i) the passivation efficiency of multicrystalline silicon selleck chemical substrates after H plasma treatment can be limited by the formation of hydrogen induced structural defects and that (ii) such defects can be used to getter unwanted impurities upon high temperature processing of the Si wafers.”
“Background: The etiology of chronic leg ulcers is heterogenous and they exhibit quite different healing rates depending on the underlying cause. Although the prevalence and incidence of CRT0066101 price chronic leg ulcers appear to be increasing, data on these patients in Germany are lacking.

Patients and Methods: Altogether 100 German wound care professionals were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding the diagnosis and etiology of their patients with chronic

leg ulcers.

Results: We received the data on 31,619 patients. In these patients, venous insufficiency was the dominating causative factor in 47.6 % and arterial insufficiency in 14.5 %, 17.6 % of ulcers were due to combined arterial and venous insufficiency. Rarer causes included vasculitis (5.1 %), exogenous factors (3.8 %), pyoderma gangrenosum (3.0 %), infection (1.4 %), neoplasia (1.1 %), calciphylaxis (1.1 %) and drug-induced (1.1 %). The used diagnostic methods used varied widely between the medical and surgical specialties.

Conclusions: Even though the results of our study cannot claim to be a representative overview, they demonstrate clearly that next to known etiologies, e. g. chronic venous insufficiency or peripheral arterial insufficiency, which are relevant in 79.7 % of all patients a multitude of other causes exist, which are responsible in 20.3 % of all patients for the development of chronic leg ulcers.