This provides further this website evidence for the feedback regulation of flavonoid gene expression having been previously reported for the prohexadione-Ca inhibited apple plants. (C) 2011 Elsevier Masson
SAS. All rights reserved.”
“Background: The role of viruses in pediatric pneumonia remains poorly studied in sub-Saharan Africa, where pneumonia-associated mortality is high.
Methods: During a 1-year hospital-based surveillance, a nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) was collected from children aged <5 years admitted to hospital in rural Mozambique with clinically severe pneumonia. Identification of 12 respiratory viruses was performed by polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Study children were also tested for invasive bacterial infection (IBI), Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia, and HIV.
Results: Almost half (394/807) of the children hospitalized with clinically severe pneumonia had at least one respiratory virus detected. A total of 475 viruses were detected among these 394 children, the most prevalent ones were rhinovirus (41%), adenovirus (21%), and respiratory syncytial virus (11%). Eleven percent of viral infected
children had concomitant IBI, 15% had malaria parasites, and 25% had HIV coinfection. Viral infection was 5.5 to 16 times more prevalent among HIV-infected selleck kinase inhibitor children and incidence rate ratios varied according to virus. Inhospital mortality of viral cases was 9%, being highest among cases with IBI coinfection GSK1904529A molecular weight (odds ratio = 7) or HIV infection (odds ratio = 7).
Conclusions: Study results highlight the high prevalence of respiratory viruses among hospitalized pneumonia cases in Mozambique. HIV infection is an important contributor to the high burden of disease and associated mortality of viral pneumonia. IBI also contributes to
a worse prognosis of viral cases. Strategies to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV as well as introduction of Hib and pneumococcal vaccines could have a substantial impact on reduction of viral pneumonia and associated mortality among children in rural Africa.”
“Tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) are potential successors of metal-oxide-semiconductor FETs because they promise superior input characteristics. However, the output characteristics of TFETs are poorly understood, and sometimes a superlinear onset, undesirable for circuit design, is observed. We present the first analytical model to include the impact of the drain voltage on the TFET performance. The model is developed for both a pure line-tunneling TFET and a pure point-tunneling TFET. Good agreement is observed with device simulations, especially for line-tunneling TFETs. Our model highlights and explains the superlinear onset of the output characteristics, thereby enabling an improved analysis of experimental data. Increasing the source doping level and switching to a smaller bandgap material can remove the undesired onset.