This review aims to enunciate the principles of organ perfusion and preservation as they relate to indication, aspects of organ protection and to highlight future developments.”
“Objective-To determine the effects of body position and extension of the neck and extremities on CT measurements of ventilated lung volume in red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans).

Design-Prospective crossover-design study.

Animals-14 adult

red-eared slider turtles.

Procedures-CT was performed on turtles in horizontal ventral recumbent and vertical left lateral recumbent, right lateral recumbent, and caudal recumbent body positions. In sedated turtles, evaluations were performed SB203580 in horizontal ventral recumbent body position with and without extension of the neck

and extremities. Lung volumes were estimated from helical CT images with commercial software. Effects of body position, extremity and neck extension, sedation, body weight, and sex on lung volume were analyzed.

Results-Mean +/- SD volume of dependent lung tissue was significantly decreased in vertical Selleckchem SNX-5422 left lateral (18.97 +/- 14.65 mL), right lateral (24.59 +/- 19.16 mL), and caudal (9.23 +/- 12.13 mL) recumbent positions, compared with the same region for turtles in horizontal ventral recumbency (48.52 +/- 20.08 mL, 50.66 +/- 18.08 mL, and 31.95 +/- 15.69 mL, respectively). Total lung volume did not differ among positions because of compensatory increases in nondependent lung tissue. Extension of the extremities and neck significantly increased total lung volume (12794 +/- 35.53 mL), compared with that in turtles with the head, neck, and extremities withdrawn into the shell (103.24 +/- 40.13 mL).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Vertical positioning of red-eared

sliders significantly affected lung volumes and could potentially affect interpretation of radiographs obtained see more in these positions. Extension of the extremities and neck resulted in the greatest total lung volume.”
“We propose that counterfactual representations for reasoning about the past or predicting the future depend on structured event complexes (SECs) in the human prefrontal cortex (PFC; ‘What would happen if X were performed in the past or enacted in the future?’). We identify three major categories of counterfactual thought (concerning action versus inaction, the self versus other and upward versus downward thinking) and propose that each form of inference recruits SEC representations in distinct regions of the medial PFC. We develop a process model of the regulatory functions these representations serve and draw conclusions about the importance of SECs for explaining the past and predicting the future.”
“The magnetic dead layer (MDL) in amorphous CoFeB layers is investigated for four different unit structures.