ZH and YH performed the strain selection and identification experiments. LS and MS carried out the purification and identification of lipopeptide antibiotics. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background A rapid dissemination of Escherichia coli and others enterobacteria producing extended-spectrum

beta-lactamases (ESBLs) has been reported in many European countries, including Spain, and is a matter of major concern [1, 2]. The bla CTX-M genes are becoming the most prevalent ESBLs encountered in Enterobacteriaceae[2]. The prevalent bla CTX-M-type genes in Europe have been identified as bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-3, bla CTX-M-9, bla CTX-M-14 and Belnacasan solubility dmso bla CTX-M-15[2]. Infections Ipatasertib mw caused by enterobacteria producing ESBL are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and health-care associated costs [3]. During recent years, extensive characterization of plasmid families (usually by replicon typing [4, 5] or, more recently, by relaxase identification [6]) has provided

additional information on BB-94 purchase epidemiological aspects of transmissible antimicrobial resistance [7]. Many of these studies have focused on E. coli producing ESBL [8, 9]. From these studies, some plasmid families were demonstrated to be largely prevalent in Enterobacteriaceae, emerging in association with specific ESBL genes. For instance, the bla CTX-M-15 and bla CTX-M-3 genes have often been located on plasmids belonging to the IncF group [10] and IncL/M family Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase [11] respectively, in different countries [12–16]. It would be interesting to know if in a specific geographical area, plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance in multiresistant E. coli producing ESBL is due to plasmids of the same incompatibility group(s) as those present in other multirresistant isolates not producing ESBL. The objective of this study was to determine whether the clonal variability and content of plasmids, resistance genes and integrons of clinical isolates of E. coli producing

ESBL (Ec-ESBL) were similar or not to those of E. coli isolates lacking ESBL (Ec-MRnoB) isolated in the same geographical area and period. Results Phenotype of resistance and clonal relationship MIC50 and MIC90 values of the different agents against the two groups of multiresistant E. coli are presented in Table 1. All Ec-ESBL were susceptible to cefotetan, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin and tigecycline. According to the EUCAST [17], all Ec-ESBL isolates were resistant to cefotaxime, 96% to cefepime, 96% to aztreonam and 23% to ceftazidime (Table 1). Moreover, 39% of the isolates belonging to the Ec-ESBL collection were co-resistant to quinolones, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.