5 mol % Y(2)O(3)-doped, fully stabilized zirconia (8YSZ and 9.5YSZ) targets. As a consequence of the intrinsic material brittleness, fully stabilized YSZ coatings deposited by PLD contained particles for all tested conditions. Lower doped partially stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) exhibits a superior fracture toughness attributed to a laser-induced partial transition to the monoclinic phase, detected by Raman spectroscopy, which enables the deposition of particle-free dense thin films by conventional PLD using nanosecond-UV laser radiation at moderate fluences

of 1.2-1.5 J/cm(2). The ablation dynamics of ultrashort laser pulses selleck inhibitor differ fundamentally from the nanosecond regime as evidenced, e.g., by time-resolved shadowgraphy and light scattering experiments. Femtosecond pulses prevent the exfoliation of micron-sized fragments but result invariably in a pronounced ejection of submicron particles. The resulting PLD coatings are porous and reveal

a large surface roughness as they consist of an agglomeration of nanoparticles. Femtosecond-NIR pulses provide a factor of 2.5-10 higher material removal rates compared to nanosecond- and femtosecond-UV pulses. buy ON-01910 The ablation metrics, i.e., threshold fluence and effective absorptivity, mainly depend on the laser wavelength while the pulse duration, target microstructure, and dopant level are of minor importance. Evidence is presented

that incubation effects play a significant role in nanosecond- and femtosecond-laser ablations of YSZ enabling material removal at comparatively low fluences for sub-bandgap photon energies.”
“Silkworm was used in the sericulture industry and also processed for food sources in some of Asian countries. In previous studies, it was reported that the 30K protein in silkworm, Bombyx mori hemolymph inhibited animal cell apoptosis. In this work, the antioxidative function of silkworm hemolymph was investigated using its protein-free extract. H2O2-induced ROS and O-2(center dot-) were efficiently scavenged in Chinese hamster ovary cells when the culture medium was supplemented with silkworm hemolymph. The hemolymph extract prepared by deproteinization through ethanol precipitation completely BIX 01294 nmr scavenged DPPH radicals (IC50 = 0.025 mg/mL). When the extract was supplemented with protein-free medium, oxidative damage to mitochondria was efficiently diminished with the maintenance of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Lutein was identified as the major antioxidative constituents in the extract (52.06 mu g/mg).”
“Nylon 12 was successfully synthesized in a twin-screw extruder via the anionic ring-opening polymerization of lauryllactam (LL). Maleated low-density polyethylene (LDPE-MAH) was added to improve the mechanical properties of nylon 12.